The Ecliptic Armillary Sphere (built in Qing Dynasty)
This was the first self-standing observational instrument based on ecliptic coordinates. The ecliptic is the apparent path traced by the Sun across the sky.

The Quadrant (built in Qing Dynasty)
This instrument was mainly used to measure the altitude of a celestial object above the horizon.

The Celestial Globe (built in Qing Dynasty)
The sphere, which was marked with stars, the celestial equator and the ecliptic, was mainly used to show the positions of celestial objects at different times.

The Water-powered Armillary Sphere and Celestial Globe Tower (built in Northern Song Dynasty)
This large instrument was made up of an armillary sphere, a celestial globe and a mechanical chronograph.

The Clepsydra of Qian Zhang (built in Western Han Period)
Also named as a "lou ke" (dripping vessel) or graduated leaker, this chronograph measured time by the amount of water discharged from the container.